ISO/IEC 10918-1 : 1993(E)
3.1.108
renormalization:
The doubling of the probability interval and the code register value until the probability
interval exceeds a fixed minimum value (in arithmetic coding).
3.1.109
restart interval:
The integer number of MCUs processed as an independent sequence within a scan.
3.1.110
restart marker:
The marker that separates two restart intervals in a scan.
3.1.111
run (length):
Number of consecutive symbols of the same value.
3.1.112
sample:
One element in the two-dimensional array which comprises a component.
3.1.113
sample-interleaved:
The descriptive term applied to the repetitive multiplexing of small groups of samples from
each component in a scan in a specific order.
3.1.114
scan:
A single pass through the data for one or more of the components in an image.
3.1.115
scan header:
A marker segment that contains a start-of-scan marker and associated scan parameters that are
coded at the beginning of a scan.
3.1.116
sequential (coding):
One of the lossless or DCT-based coding processes defined in this Specification in which
each component of the image is encoded within a single scan.
3.1.117
sequential DCT-based:
The mode of operation which refers to any one of the processes defined in Annex F.
3.1.118
spectral selection:
A progressive coding process in which the zig-zag sequence is divided into bands of one or
more contiguous coefficients, and each band is coded in one scan.
3.1.119
stack counter:
The count of X'FF' bytes which are held, pending resolution of carry-over in the arithmetic
encoder.
3.1.120
statistical conditioning:
The selection, based on prior coding decisions, of one estimate out of a set of
conditional probability estimates (in arithmetic coding).
3.1.121
statistical model:
The assignment of a particular conditional probability estimate to each of the binary
arithmetic coding decisions.
3.1.122
statistics area:
The array of statistics bins required for a coding process which uses arithmetic coding.
3.1.123
statistics bin:
The storage location where an index is stored which identifies the value of the conditional
probability estimate used for a particular arithmetic coding binary decision.
3.1.124
successive approximation:
A progressive coding process in which the coefficients are coded with reduced
precision in the first scan, and precision is increased by one bit with each succeeding scan.
3.1.125
table specification data:
The coded representation from which the tables used in the encoder and decoder are
generated and their destinations specified.
3.1.126
transcoder:
A procedure for converting compressed image data of one encoder process to compressed image
data of another encoder process.
3.1.127
(uniform) quantization:
The procedure by which DCT coefficients are linearly scaled in order to achieve
compression.
3.1.128
upsampling (filter):
A procedure by which the spatial resolution of an image is increased (in hierarchical mode
coding).
3.1.129
vertical sampling factor:
The relative number of vertical data units of a particular component with respect to
the number of vertical data units in the other components in the frame.
3.1.130
zero byte:
The X'00' byte.
3.1.131
zig-zag sequence:
A specific sequential ordering of the DCT coefficients from (approximately) lowest spatial
frequency to highest.
3.1.132
3-sample predictor:
A linear combination of the three nearest neighbor reconstructed samples to the left and
above (in lossless mode coding).
6
CCITT Rec. T.81 (1992 E)